• With the advent of genome sequencing hexokinase gene sequenc

  2021-10-14

  

  With the advent of genome sequencing, hexokinase gene sequences are now available from a far greater number of vertebrate species, as well as from diverse non-vertebrate animal species. As indicated above, searches of vertebrate genome sequences revealed the existence of a novel fifth member of the

• Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to

  2021-10-14

  

  Considerable evidence links sustained GCG administration to the reduction of food intake, enhancement of energy expenditure and weight loss in rodent and human studies [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, patients presenting with GCG-producing tumors frequently manifest severe weight loss, through mechanisms

• Recently unimolecular multi functional peptides that combine

  2021-10-14

  

  Recently, unimolecular, multi-functional peptides that combine GLP-1RA activity with fty720 and/or GIP activity have been suggested as new therapeutic agents for glycaemic and weight control. In rodents, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists achieve significantly better glucose control and weight lo

• br HO and cerebral malaria In a

  2021-10-13

  

  HO-1 and cerebral malaria In a post-mortem evaluation of human cerebral (falciparum) malaria, strong HO-1 immunostaining was consistently noted in microglia/macrophages within and surrounding the pathognomonic Durck’s granulomas (Schluesener et al., 2001). As witnessed in cerebral trauma specimen

• The occurrence of naturally HCV NS resistance associated

  2021-10-13

  

  The occurrence of naturally HCV NS3 resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) affects virological outcome of DAA-based combination therapies [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For the majority of NS3 protease inhibitors the frequency of natural occurrence of single RASs in HCV genotype 1-infected p

• Introduction Epigenetic mechanisms modulate heritable phenot

  2021-10-13

  

  Introduction Epigenetic mechanisms modulate heritable phenotypic changes that are not dictated by changes in DNA sequences. The link between epigenetic modifications and cancer development has been established [1], [2]. Histone modifications represent an important class of epigenetic mechanisms tha

• Activation of sGC induces the generation of cyclic

  2021-10-13

  

  Activation of sGC induces the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), phosphorylation of protein kinase G (PKG) and changes in activity of effector proteins such as phosphodiesterases (PDE), ion channels and ion pumps [43]. This pathway eventually leads to dilation of reductase enzyme (

• Approximately mammalian genes encoding family A or

  2021-10-13

  

  Approximately 250 mammalian genes encoding family A (or rhodopsin-like) GPCRs have been cloned (Lee et al., 2001a). As yet, the total number of cloned GPCRs reported in the literature including the secretin and metabotropic glutamate-like families of GPCRs falls short of the projected 616 GPCR-encod

• Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to

  2021-10-13

  

  Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to play a pivotal role in NMDAR-related function. For example, it 8-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide has been demonstrated in a hippocampal slice study that the glycine site sub-serves the spatiotemporal detection of synaptic activity (Li et al., 2009).

• substance p The functionally crucial arginine within M is no

  2021-10-13

  

  The functionally crucial arginine within M2 is not encoded by the gluR2 gene, but rather arises within the pre-mRNA by editing of a codon for the neutral glutamine residue25, 26. RNA editing at the Q/R site is specific to GluR2 and is extremely efficient. In neonatal and adult rat brain, almost 100%

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Protein

  2021-10-13

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Protein translation demands high fidelity. There are number of molecular checkpoints to fulfill this demand. Among these, insuring that a particular tRNA gets aminoacylated by its conjugate amino acid, which in turn is catalyzed by a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synt

• In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia

  2021-10-13

  

  In a mouse model of hyperhomocysteinemia (a risk factor for the development of vascular dysfunction) it has been shown that myoendothelial communication is enhanced due to increased expression of Cx37 and IK1 AICAR [], allowing the propagation of endothelial signals to VSMC and thereby decreasing th

• br Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Unive

  2021-10-12

  

  Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the University of Johannesburg and the National Research Foundation for the financial support. Mr. D Harris and Dr. R Meyer from Shimadzu South Africa are thanked for their technical support. Prof Ian Dubery is thanked for access to the LC-MS instru

• The structures of KDM A

  2021-10-12

  

  The structures of KDM4A revealed a Cys-His Zn(II) binding site that is close to the substrate binding spot, which bioinformatic analyses indicated was not present in any other histone demethylase subfamily. Therefore, an alternative method to inhibit the KDM4 family (95) would be to use compounds th

• The presence of the H receptor

  2021-10-12

  

  The presence of the H3 receptor in humans was confirmed approximately 25 years ago, and the receptor was successfully cloned in 1999 (Thurmond, 2010). The H3 receptor is unique, as it controls feedback of histamine release, particularly in the central nervous system, where it modulates neurotransmit

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